A recent OECD report confirms that intellectual capital is now instrumental in determining both the value of individual firms and national economic performance. This is confirmed by various industry analyses, research projects and media reports that identify intellectual capital as a significant driver of value and a catalyst for change in corporate cultures and governance structures. The research findings presented in the report derive from an investigation into the emergence of this intangible resource as a major source of competitive advantage. We focus specifically on the implications of this for the indigenous information and communications technology (ICT) sector in the Republic of Ireland.